Smart cards are widely used in our daily lives, including ID cards, bank cards, transportation cards, as well as various membership cards, access cards, shopping cards, and more. No matter how different the appearance is, each application field has its own advantages. The core part that determines whether it can become a smart card is only one, which is the microchip inside the card. According to the different chip protocols, it is divided into contact and non-contact types.
Contact chips follow the ISO7816 protocol, while non-contact chips follow the ISO14443 protocol. The so-called contact type, such as bank cards, requires you to insert the bank card into the machine to use, while non-contact types, such as ID cards and transportation cards, only need to place the card in the sensing area to complete data reading and transmission, using NFC technology. We won't talk about contactless smart cards, today we're talking about NFC smart cards.
NFC， The full English name is Near Field Communication, which stands for Near Field Wireless Communication. The standard NFC communication frequency is 13.56MHz, and the data transmission distance is generally within 10cm. It has high security and follows protocols such as ISO14443A, ISO14443B, and ISO15693. In applications, NFC readers emit specific electromagnetic waves to carriers carrying NFC chips (such as bus cards). The series resonant circuit inside the carrier has the same frequency as the frequency emitted by the reader. After receiving the electromagnetic waves from the reader, the resonant circuit resonates, generating power and providing working voltage for other circuits. The NFC reader can then complete data transmission and interaction with the carrier.
NFC smart cards in daily life:
1. ID card: Since March 29, 2004, Chinese Mainland has officially started to issue the second generation ID card with built-in contactless IC smart chip (NFC chip) to residents. The second-generation ID card adopts the high-frequency 14443B protocol, which has strong confidentiality and is a specially designed chip for the Ministry of Public Security.
2. Transportation card: M1 cards are mainly used for transportation cards, which mostly follow the ISO14443A protocol with built-in NFC chips. At the same time, the bus card is also an application of NFC electronic wallet function. Transportation cards are widely used, and transportation belongs to the fiercely competitive field of mobile payment. As the field of transportation and travel becomes more and more intelligent, the form of future traffic cards will change a lot. For example, the early emergence of mobile phone NFC function simulation traffic cards will change the form of traffic cards, while the electronic traffic cards launched by Alipay, WeChat, etc., the number of passengers and the swipe into the station will directly change the original nature of traffic cards.
3. Access card: Access cards are also one of the important application areas of NFC, such as access cards, access cards, parking cards, etc., used in access control systems. Before issuing access cards to end users for use, the system administrator sets the available areas and user permissions. Users can use the access card to swipe their card to enter the management area. Users without access cards or whose permissions have not been activated cannot enter the management area.
4. Other smart cards: other smart cards that use NFC, membership cards, social security and medical insurance cards, etc.
